Wastewater from households and industry, commonly together with water runoff from urban areas, is conveyed by the sewerage system to sewage treatment plantsfor safe and economic treatment of sewage, and treatment and disposal of the resulting sludge. Domestic wastewater will contain both solid and dissolved pollutants including faecal matter, paper, urine, sanitary items, food residues and a variety of other contaminants. The sewer network will usually also receive wastewaters from office and commercial properties and from industrial premises. Rainwater from roofs and roads may also drain into the sewer network. The combined flow from these various sources travels through the sewer system and ultimately to a ‘sewage works’ where it receives treatment before discharge of the treated effluent to a stream, river, estuary or the sea.
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